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Selection can be made in any of the views using the Selection tool. Multiple objects can be selected using the Ctrl key or click and drag to define a box. In the Navigation View, the Shift key can be used to select a consecutive list of objects.
A right-click on a selection displays a context menu. This menu includes the most common options for working with the object. The user may also right-click on individual objects for immediate display of the context menu.
Alternately, right-click on an object to display the context menu with Copy. Alternately, right-click on an object to display the context menu with Paste. By running two instances of PyroSim, you can copy objects from one model and paste them into a second model. If the copied objects rely on other properties, such as surfaces, that are not included in the second model, these properties will be pasted into the model when the objects are pasted.
For example the user can select an object in PyroSim, open a text file, and paste the object. The text FDS representations of the object and dependent properties will be pasted. The object will be added to the PyroSim model. An error message will be received if the pasted object depends on data that is not available in the PyroSim model.
The user will then need to paste that information such as surface properties first before pasting the geometric object. The Translate dialog can be used to both move an object and to create copies of an object, each offset in space.
The Mode selects either the option to move only the selected object or to create copies of the object and move them. The Offset parameters indicate the increment to move or offset the copies. To preview the changes without applying them, click Preview. To apply the changes and close the dialog, click OK. To cancel the changes instead, click Cancel. The Mirror dialog can be used to mirror an object about a plane or planes.
To mirror an object in this manner, perform the following:. The Mode selects either the option to mirror only the selected object or to create a mirrored copy of the object. The Mirror Plane s define planes normal to the X, Y, and Z axes about which the object will be mirrored. The Use Center button can be used to fill the Mirror Plane data with the center coordinates of the selected objects. The Scale dialog can be used to change the size of an object.
To scale an object, perform the following:. The Mode selects either the option to scale only the selected object or to create multiple scaled copies of the object.
The Scale values define the scale factors in the X, Y, and Z directions. The Base Point defines the point about which the scaling will be performed. The Use Center button can be used to fill the Base Point data with the center coordinates of the selected objects. The Mode selects either the option to rotate only the selected object or to create multiple rotated copies of the object. The Rotation values allow the user to select the axis about which the rotation will be made and the angle is the rotation angle counter-clockwise is positive.
The Base Point defines the point about which the rotation will be performed. Often it is desirable to turn off the display of selected objects, for example, to hide a roof of a building in order to visualize the interior.
In any of the views, right-click on a selection to obtain the following options:. Gas species can serve many different roles in a PyroSim model. In the simplest applications, a number of gaseous species are implicitly defined and tracked within the simulator to model the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels. By default, PyroSim adds all species which have been implicitly defined by FDS to the model on startup.
These species are unique from those involved in the reaction chemistry, and will not take part in the simple reaction chemistry if referenced. While PyroSim manually handles the logic that determines whether or not it is necessary to include a species in the FDS input file, it is important to understand what requires a species line be written to the output.
A species referenced by any of the following will cause it to be written:. Three different classifications of species type can be created in a PyroSim model.
The second type are custom primitive species. These differ from predefined species in that they must have their chemical properties defined. And lastly, there are custom lumped species, which are defined as either a mass or volume fraction of predefined and custom primitive species.
Species can be managed by opening the Model menu and selecting Edit Species. To create either a new species, or include a predefined one, select New and choose whether the species should be Predefined, Primitive, or Lumped. Primitive species can be tracked individually, or as a component of a more complex lumped species. Species mixtures can be defined as a mixture of any number of primitive species.
Because all species in the simulation must be tracked by a transport equation, a lumped species can be used to save on simulation time. When using lumped species, it is recommended that certain actions be taken to reduce the complexity of the simulation.
Doing this check for all primitive species will reduce the number of transport equations solved by the simulator, and save significant time on the simulation. This chapter provides an overview of how to specify combustion the reaction of fuel vapor and oxygen using PyroSim. The former refers to the reaction of fuel vapor and oxygen; the latter the generation of fuel vapor at a solid or liquid surface.
In an FDS fire simulation, there is only one gaseous fuel that acts as a surrogate for all the potential fuel sources. A more complex approach is to define a material with a pyrolysis reaction. The fuel composition is entered on the Fuel tab.
Alternately, the user can select the fuel from a predefined species list that is given in the FDS User Guide, Table PyroSim supports the custom smoke features available in FDS. To create custom smoke, first define an species with the desired mass extinction coefficient.
This "smoke" species can then be injected into the domain like any other species. Finally, if the Results should track this species as smoke, go to the Analysis menu, select Simulation Parameters.
Note that in addition to specifying the mass fraction of a species, the mass fraction of any mixture fraction species can also be selected for smoke display, including the mass fraction of oxygen, water vapor, and the other species specified in the gas-phase reaction.
PyroSim supports three types of particles: massless tracers, liquid droplets, and solid particles. To create a new particle:. Evaporating liquid droplets can be used with sprinkler spray models and nozzles to customize the spray.
They can also be used in particle clouds and surface types that support particle injection. To specify a liquid droplet, you must specify a species. This can be one of the predefined species recognized in Table If the species is not predefined, it is important to specify the liquid properties of the species. Drage refers to the drag force the particle exerts on the flow around it, see section " Liquid particles can be injected into the domain as evaporating fuel vapor that will burn according to the combustion model specified in the active reaction.
PyroSim provides basic support for specifying solid particles. A solid particle must reference a surface, from which it derives its thermophysical and geometric parameters. A solid particle can be used to model various heat transfer, drag, and vegetation applications.
Most of the parameters unique to solid particles must be defined on the Advanced Panel, see Chapter Massless tracer particles can be used to track air flow within a simulation. They can also be used in particle clouds. By default, PyroSim provides a black, massless tracer particle called Tracer. To use a custom tracer particle in your simulation, you can modify the parameters of this default particle to suit your needs, or you can create a new particle.
Normally, the insertion of particles into the domain is controlled by the surface or object emitting them, such as by a fan or supply surface or a particle cloud. Alternatively, the insertion of particles can be controlled by a device or other control logic. For more information on controls, see Chapter There are two global options relating to particles in the Simulation Parameters dialog.
The first option, Droplets Disappear at Floor , can be used to prevent droplets from gathering on the floor of the simulation area. The default value for this option is ON. The second option, Max Particles per Mesh , can be used to set an upper limit on the number of particles allowed in any simulation mesh.
Particle Clouds provide a way to insert particles into the simulation either in a box-shaped region or at a specific point. Particles can either exist at the start of the FDS simulation or can be inserted periodically. To create a particle cloud, on the Model menu, click either New Particle Cloud. This will show the particle cloud dialog as in Figure The geometry properties, including the size and location of the volume or the point location can be specified on the Geometry tab. Press OK to create the new particle cloud.
It will appear as a translucent box or a point in the 3D and 2D Views. Devices are used to record quantities in the model or to represent more complex sensors, such as smoke detectors, sprinklers, and thermocouples. Devices can be moved, copied, rotated, and scaled using the tools described in Chapter By copying a single device along a line and then copying the line in the normal direction, it is possible to quickly define an array of devices.
When a device is defined, a trigger value setpoint can be created that can be used to activate other objects. This is discussed more in Chapter In addition, the output of a device can be frozen at its current value when another control activates.
This can be used to create more complex logic, such as holding the heat release rate of a fire at its current value when a sprinkler activates. An aspiration detection system groups together a series of soot measurement devices. An aspiration system consists of a sampling pipe network that draws air from a series of locations to a central point where an obscuration measurement is made.
To define such a system in FDS, you must provide the sampling locations, sampling flow rates, the transport time from each sampling location, and if an alarm output is desired, the overall obscuration setpoint. Supply the following information for the aspiration detection system, Figure Simple gas phase and solid phase devices can be used to measure quantities in the gas or solid phase.
To create a thermocouple, on the Devices menu, click New Thermocouple. The output of the thermocouple is the temperature of the thermocouple itself, which is usually close to the gas temperature, but not always, since radiation is included in the calculation of thermocouple temperature. The flow measurement device can be used to measure a flow quantity through an area.
The heat release rate device measures the heat release rate within a volume. There is often the need to estimate the location of the interface between the hot, smoke-laden upper layer and the cooler lower layer in a burning compartment. Relatively simple fire models, often referred to as two-zone models, compute this quantity directly, along with the average temperature of the upper and lower layers. In a computational fluid dynamics CFD model like FDS, there are not two distinct zones, but rather a continuous profile of temperature.
FDS uses an algorithm based on integration along a line to estimate the layer height and the average upper and lower layer temperatures. A beam detector measures the total obscuration between points.
A heat detector measures the temperature at a location using a Response Time Index model. To define a heat detector device, on the Devices menu, click New Heat Detector. A smoke detector measures obscuration at a point with two characteristic fill-in or "lag" times. To define a smoke detector, on the Devices menu, click New Smoke Detector. Nozzles are very much like sprinklers, only they do not activate based on the standard RTI model.
They can be set to activate by custom control logic. Objects can be set to activate or deactivate during the simulation using activation events. Activation events are the control logic system in FDS and can be set on each geometric simulation object e. PyroSim supports activation events based on time and input devices. Some uses of activation events include:.
After selecting an input type and an action, a pattern in sentence form for describing the control logic will appear in the dialog. Some key words and numbers will be drawn in blue and underlined. Any blue text can be clicked to modify the behavior of the specific control.
Figure shows the selector popup for objects. Objects are selected by name. Activation controls are stored separately from specific geometric objects. This makes it possible to bind an object to a control after it has been created. Figure shows the activation control in the object properties dialog for a hole. Once a control has been bound to an object or objects any objects linked to that control will show a text description of the control in their properties editor.
This text will be shown in blue and underlined and can be clicked to edit the activation control. Changes made to the activation control will impact all referencing objects. To create or remove an object at a specific time, select Time for the Input Type in the Activation Controls dialog. When using time as the input, objects can be created at a specific time, removed at a specific time, or be created and removed periodically throughout the simulation.
When performing multiple timed events, the creation and removal and times at which they occur are specified in the table at the bottom of the dialog.
The create and remove events should alternate as time increases. To create or remove some objects based on a device in the model, the device must first have a setpoint enabled. Once the desired devices have been given a setpoint, they can be used as inputs to the control logic expression. If more than one detector is to be used to activate the objects, the descriptive sentence can be used to decide if the objects should trigger when any, all, or a certain number of the devices activate.
A duct is required for any HVAC system. Note that an HVAC Fan is a class of object, and a single fan definition can be used by any number of ducts. A given filter can limit the flow of any number of valid species defined in the model. Note that an HVAC Filter is a class of object, and a single filter definition can be referenced by any number of nodes. Note that an HVAC Aircoil is a class of object, and a single aircoil definition can be used by any number of ducts. See Section 8.
In this chapter we describe the simulation output options available in PyroSim. Each of these options is located in the Output menu. Solid profiles measure quantities e. This output file contains the data necessary to create an animated 2D chart of the quantity as it extends into the object over time. PyroSim does not currently support displaying this output file. To generate solid profile output, on the Output menu, click Solid Profiles.
This data can then be animated and displayed using the 3D Results Figure To generate animated slice planes, either draw them using the drawing tools as described in Section 9. This data can then be animated and displayed using the 3D Results in several different ways, including volumetric renderings, plotting 2D slices through the data, plotting points, or creating isosurfaces, all in the 3D Results application.
Figure shows a volumetric rendering. To generate animated 3D slices, either draw them using the drawing tools as described in Section 9. Boundary quantities provide a way to visualize output quantities e. This data can be animated and visualized in the 3D Results Figure Since the data applies to all surfaces in the simulation, no geometric data needs to be specified.
To generate boundary quantity data, on the Output menu, click Boundary Quantities. In the Animated Boundary Quantities dialog, you can select each quantity you would like to be available for visualization.
Isosurfaces are used to plot the three dimensional contour of gas phase quantities. To generate isosurface data, on the Output menu, click Isosurfaces , In the Animated Isosurfaces dialog, you can select each quantity you would like to be available for visualization. Then you must enter values at which to display that quantity in the Contour Values column.
If you enter more than one contour value, each value must be separated by the semi-colon character ;. Once you have finished typing the value, press enter. Plot3D is a standard file format and, like 3D slices, can be used to display 2D contours, vector plots, and isosurfaces in a volumetric region the 3D Results Figure Each Q file contains data for up to five quantities. Simulations with multiple meshes have XYZ and Q files for each mesh. The 3D Results will automatically stitch the individual Q files together to animate the results.
To quickly select the quantities useful in Pathfinder, including the FED calculation, click the Reset button and click Pathfinder Quantities. Statistics output is an extension of the devices system. You can insert a statistics gathering device and it will output data about the minimum, maximum, and average value of a particular quantity in one or more mesh. This data can then be viewed in a 2D chart using PyroSim Figure To generate statistics data for some region, on the Output menu, click Statistics.
Once a quantity is selected, some combination of the following options is available depending on whether the quantity is gas or solid-phase and what units are output by the quantity:. This includes setting up simulation parameters, executing single- and multi-threaded simulations, running a remote cluster simulation, and resuming previously stopped simulations. Before running a simulation, FDS simulation parameters should be adjusted to fit the problem. This can include parameters such as simulation time, output quantities, environmental parameters, conversion of angled geometry to blocks, and miscellaneous simulator values.
To edit the simulation parameters, on the Analysis menu, select Simulation Parameters. This shows the simulation parameters dialog. The parameters are split into several categories, with each category on another tab of the dialog.
All time-related values can be entered on the Time tab as shown in Figure The Environment tab enables various ambient environmental properties to be set as shown in Figure A unique aspect of this tab is the specification feature for gravity.
Gravity, in each of the X, Y, and Z directions, can be defined as a ramped function. This allows users to model complex behavior of gravity in tunnel or space applications where spatial or temporal variations in direction may change the magnitude vector. Each ramp can be set to vary as a function of either the position along the X direction, or time. While the Environment tab provides control over ambient environmental conditions, different temperatures, pressures, and mass fractions of species can be specified in various sub-regions of the model by using Init Regions.
This opens the Initial Region dialog as shown in Figure Specify the desired temperature, pressure, or mass fraction of species to override in the region on the General tab and enter the volume parameters on the Geometry tab. Press OK to create the Init Region. Wind parameters can be specified by checking Configure Wind and then clicking the Edit button. This will open the Wind dialog as shown in Figure The Wind Profile tab provides control over how the wind speed and temperature develops as a function of the elevation.
The Custom Profile parameters provide fine-grained control over the initial wind speed, direction, and velocity and temperature as a function of elevation.
The Speed Change over Time tab allows control over the wind velocity as a function of time. While the wind profile determines the base speed at various locations and elevations in the model, the speed change over time parameters provide multipliers that are applied to these values to vary them over time.
The Natural Wind tab provides the ability to allow wind to develop naturally by specifying pressure drops over distance. This may be useful for modeling transit tunnels. The Simulator tab provides control over the simulator used in FDS.
The Radiation tab provides control over radiation parameters used in FDS. PyroSim allows obstructions and holes to be drawn that are not aligned with the solution mesh needed by FDS Figure PyroSim will either do this automatically when the FDS input file is generated, or this can be done manually for individual objects by right-clicking the object and selecting Convert to Blocks.
The Angled Geometry tab of the simulation parameters dialog provides default parameters that control conversion of obstructions and holes into blocks for the FDS input file as shown in Figure As of FDS version 6. OpenMP will automatically be used to utilize multiple processing cores, if available, during the simulation procedure. These settings are applied to the execution context created by PyroSim and do not alter system environment variables.
Once you have created a fire model, you can run the simulation from within PyroSim. FDS actions can be accessed from either the Analysis menu or the main toolbar, as shown in Figure PyroSim will save a copy of the current PyroSim file into this directory and create the following files:.
The file preferences control whether the optional files are written, see Section 2. The input files will automatically be named after the PyroSim file. With the default preferences, for the "switchgear" example, the files would be switchgear. All result files from FDS will also be stored in this directory. This dialog, which shows FDS progress and messages, can be minimized and you can continue using PyroSim and even run additional simulations while a simulation is running.
When running a simulation with multiple MPI processes, all of the computation within each of the meshes can take place independently. For a detailed list of suggestions and information about running FDS in parallel, please consult section 6. This has similar restrictions to running a parallel simulation, in that each grid is run in a separate process.
The cluster may be composed of several computers, or nodes, and each node may have any number of processors. All nodes in the cluster can be entered in the table, along with the number of processes to launch on each node. All input and output files will be stored in the same directory as the specified FDS file. If an FDS simulation has been gracefully stopped by pressing the Stop button in the simulation dialog, it can later be resumed.
To do so, on the Analysis menu, click Resume Simulation. When FDS detects this flag it will automatically attempt to reload the previous execution state from the hard disk and resume where it left off. If FDS is unable to load the previous execution state, it will exit with an error. This file contains information about the scene geometry, including obstructions, vents, meshes, and other CAD data before they are converted to blocks.
This allows the Results to show a detailed, animated view of the model along with FDS results. Each object in this file is linked with the corresponding FDS blocks in the input file. In order to make this work correctly, however, PyroSim must perform some additional processing on the geometry, including the following:.
These objects will not appear in the PyroSim Geometry file and will prevent the geometry file from containing activation logic. This message indicates that the PyroGeom file will no longer accurately represent FDS objects as they are activated and deactivated. Instead, the PyroGeom objects will always be visible, and all obstructions have all holes subtracted from them in this view but not in the FDS input file. Objects will no longer show and hide as they would before.
This can be accomplished by cutting the text of these records and pasting them into the 2D or 3D model view. It allows the user to view the FDS model along with results in 3D.
For Pathfinder users, it also allows the user to combine evacuation results in the same window. Alternately, you can click on the Analysis toolbar to launch the most recent results.
You may also run the Results at any time by going to the Analysis menu and selecting Run Results. This will prompt you to choose a Results file. The user can view animated smoke, slices, Plot3D, and various other output quantities. You may run Smokeview at any time by going to the Analysis menu and selecting Run Smokeview. This will prompt you to choose a Smokeview file to open. Time history results are saved for heat detectors, thermocouples, and other fire output. They contain common basemaps and page layouts to be reused repeatedly in an organization.
Your ArcGIS profile uses the normal. In order to fix map document issues, you can reset your application through the normal. The purpose of cartographic file formats is to standardize map creation with a set of symbols, labels, or feature displays. But they contain the symbology to stylize your map features. Layer files are used for displaying a set of symbology in a map. Instead layer files simply specify how the data will be displayed.
When you share a vector or raster data set, a layer file ensures the same symbology will be displayed on another map. You can apply a QML file to any file without needing data. Three-dimensional file formats not only give XY locations of features but also add depth to features.
These 3D file formats are graphic representations of objects in the real world developed in 3D modeling software. This reference image file simulates textures in 3D web scenes in Esri and Google Earth. Generally, they are non-native formats specifically designed for interoperability and data transfer.
Esri ArcInfo Interchange files are no longer supported. It has the extension E00 and increases incrementally E01, E02… with individual coverage files. Although convenient for interchange, you need to process the data before you can add it to ArcGIS. The purpose of generating MPKs is to not only transfer the layers in a table of contents but the physical data that is associated with each layer in a data frame. Once the MPK file is transferred, they have access to editing their own source version of data.
This list of file extensions and formats is specific to indoor mapping , which can be incorporated in building a seamless 2D or 3D for different floor levels inherent in buildings. They are geographic in nature and perform a specific function related to the analysis, management, or display of geographic information. ECD files classify a raster dataset during the segmentation and classification process. They specify the trained samples of remote sensing raster data sets for supervised classification.
From 2D to 3D, three-dimensional file formats add depth. Then from fixed to dynamic time, multi-temporal formats add the element of time. GIS is truly one of the most diverse and expanding technologies, as shown by the plethora of GIS formats in the industry.
Thanks for the great list! What about layer style formats? Like SLD for instance. ADF, however like shapes and filegdb there is more than one file on disk for a single raster. CPG describe the encoding applied to create the shapefile.
Where are MapInfo file formats? Since when is Postgis a file format? Thanks for the overview but I want to correct two points.
Your email address will not be published. Skip to content. Some geospatial data formats are common. But some are not so common. First, take a look at these 63 formats in GIS. Then, bookmark it for future reference:. Subscribe to our newsletter:. I would love it if you added the following file formats:. Thank you! Leave a Reply Your email address will not be published. Toggle Menu Close. Search for: Search.
All commercial and open source accept shapefile as a GIS format. The three required files are: SHP is the feature geometry. SHX is the shape index position. DBF is the attribute data. You can optionally include these files but are not completely necessary.
PRJ is the projection system metadata. XML is the associated metadata. SBN is the spatial index for optimizing queries. No matter who you ask, you will get the same answer: dating nowadays is hard. For single expats in Germany, dating is even harder.
Online Dating. In a perfect world, you and your soulmate would bump into each other on the streets of Germany, lock eyes, and fall madly in love the next second. Dating Profile. Is online dating easier for single female expats in Germany than for their male counterparts? Enscape should work if your GPU is capable of running the minimum recommended drivers listed below. Although we always advise that you should be running the latest available drivers for your GPU, sometimes the latest available GPU drivers can cause unforeseen issues and in such a case we strongly advise that you roll back to the drivers listed here:.
There are plenty of different system configurations and we are working every day to support more of them.
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To avoid incompatibilities, please uninstall them before using Enscape. The system requirements to run Enscape, as well as the Standalone Executable files that can be exported from Enscape, are identical. It is also recommended that your internet connection is fast and stable, and that you should use a direct cable connection and avoid using a Wi-fi connection where possible, as this can slow down the Asset Library loading times.
If using Revit, there are known conflicts with two other Revit plugins: Colorizer and Techviz. Please let us know if you experience any issues when running Enscape under this operating system by submitting feedback via the Enscape Feedback Form.
Enscape should work if your GPU is capable of running the minimum recommended drivers listed below. Although we always advise that you should be running the latest available drivers for your GPU, sometimes the latest available GPU drivers can cause unforeseen issues and in such a case we strongly advise that you roll back to the drivers listed here:.
There are plenty of different system configurations and we are working every day to support more of them. Yes No. Manually specifying the parameters will produce a surface similar to a burner. You can inject extra non-reactive species into the simulation using the species injection options. To use these options, you must first specify species using the Edit Species dialog.
You can add textures to surfaces to increase the realism of your model. This can be done through the use of Appearance objects. An Appearance defines how the surfaces of objects will appear and can have colors or textures applied to them.
Some default appearances are provided or you can import your own. The Room Fire example demonstrates using a wood texture for a pine floor and hanging a picture on a wall. Your textures will be automatically displayed in PyroSim. Appearances will be shown on obstructions and vents when the View Mode is either Realistic or Realistic with Outlines. Appearances can also be viewed by going to the Model menu and selecting Edit Appearances. Geometry can either be created through dialogs or by using the drafting tools in the 2D or 3D views as discussed in Chapter 9.
The user can also organize the model by creating floors and groups. In addition, the user can assign background images to floors to aid in drafting. Obstructions are the fundamental geometric representation in FDS.
In FDS, obstructions are rectangular, axis-aligned solids defined by two points. Surface properties are assigned to each face of the obstruction. In PyroSim, obstructions can take any shape, have any number of faces, and have different surfaces applied to each face.
At the time of simulation, PyroSim will automatically convert the obstructions to axis-aligned blocks required by FDS as discussed in Section To create a new obstruction, either use an obstruction drawing tool as discussed in Chapter 9 or on the Model menu, click New Obstruction. This tab of the obstruction panel presents all options other than those controlling geometry and surface information.
This includes activation events conditions that can cause the obstruction to be added or removed from the simulation and miscellaneous options such as color and smoothing. This tab allows you to enter the min and max coordinates of the object. For more elaborate geometry, such as slabs, this tab may contain a table of points and extrusion options. Extrusion is the mechanism PyroSim uses to extend 2-dimensional objects along a vector - creating a 3-dimensional object. The Surfaces tab can be used to specify one surface to be used for all six sides of the object or assign surfaces on a per-face basis.
Alternately, surfaces can be "painted" using the Paint Tool as discussed in Section 9. Holes are used to carve negative spaces out of obstructions. In FDS, holes are similar to obstructions in that they are defined as axis-aligned blocks.
Like obstructions in PyroSim, however, holes can be any shape. PyroSim automatically converts them to blocks in the FDS input file. PyroSim treats holes as first-class objects that can be selected, deleted, and have other operations performed on them like obstructions as discussed in Chapter In the 3D and 2D views, holes appear as transparent objects.
In addition, for display purposes only, PyroSim carves holes out of obstructions as shown in Figure For complex holes or obstructions or large holes that span many obstructions, this process may be slow. In these cases, hole-cutting display can be turned off by going to the View menu and deselecting Cut Holes From Obstructions.
By default, all obstructions allow holes to be cut from them. To prevent an obstruction from allowing holes, edit the properties of the obstruction as discussed in Section 8. There are various rules that govern how holes are written to the FDS input file.
In general, if the PYROGEOM file is enabled, a hole has control logic, and the hole intersects obstructions, the hole will be pre-subtracted from obstructions before the obstructions are converted into blocks, and the holes will be excluded from the FDS file. If the above conditions do not hold, the holes are converted to blocks similarly to obstructions and are written as HOLE records. For more information, see Section Holes can either be drawn as discussed in Chapter 9 or can be created by opening the Model menu and clicking New Hole.
Like obstructions, holes can also be activated as discussed in Chapter Holes can also have a color applied. When starting a simulation or exporting an FDS file for some models, the user may receive the following message as shown in Figure 42 : "PyroSim has detected a hole touching a mesh boundary, which may cause cutting problems in FDS.
Would you like to slightly expand these types of holes? FDS currently has an issue where it will not fully cut a hole from an obstruction if both the hole and obstruction touch a mesh boundary at the same location. Instead, FDS leaves a thin obstruction along the mesh boundary. Figure 43 shows a model in PyroSim that can lead this problem. In this model, both the hole and the obstruction touch the bottom of the mesh, and the hole should cut all the way through the mesh.
Figure 44 shows this model in FDS where the hole has not been punched all the way through the obstruction.
PyroSim detects potential cases where this might happen and prompts the user with the Expand Boundary Holes dialog. This ensures the hole is properly cut all the way through the obstruction as shown in Figure If the user chooses not to expand these types of holes the No option , the hole will be written exactly as specified and may lead to the thin obstruction problem.
Vents have general usage in FDS to describe a 2D rectangular patch on the surface of a solid obstruction or on a mesh boundary as shown in Figure A vent may have a different surface applied to it than the rest of the obstruction to which it is attached.
Taken literally, a vent can be used to model components of the ventilation system in a building, like a diffuser or a return. In these cases, the vent coordinates form a plane on a solid surface forming the boundary of the duct.
No holes need to be created through the solid; it is assumed that air is pushed out of or sucked into duct work within the wall. You can also use vents as a means of applying a particular boundary condition to a rectangular patch on a solid surface. A fire, for example, is usually created by first generating a solid obstruction and then specifying a vent somewhere on one of the faces of the solid with the characteristics of the thermal and combustion properties of the fuel.
For more information on these types, see Chapter 7. Vents can either be drawn as discussed in Chapter 9 or be created by opening the Model menu and clicking New Vent. This will open the New Vent dialog as shown in Figure With the exception of Fire Spread , the other properties are similar to obstructions. Fire Spread can be specified on vents using a burner surface Chapter 7.
This option simulates a radially spreading fire at the vent. A vent can also be given radial properties. Groups can be used to hierarchically organize the model. Groups can only be seen in the Navigation View. The "Model" is the base group. Users can nest groups inside other groups, allowing the user to work with thousands of objects in an organized way.
When the user performs an action on a group, that action will be propagated to all objects in the group.
Both of these actions will show the Create Group dialog as shown in Figure This dialog allows the user to choose the parent group and name of the new group. In the Change Group dialog shown in Figure 52 , select the desired group. If a new group is desired, select New Subgroup and specify a name.
If this is chosen, a new group will be created under the specified existing group, and the selected objects will be moved to this new group. All newly drawn objects will be added to this group. Floors are used in PyroSim to quickly apply clipping filters to the scene to only show a portion of the model. They are also used to initialize the properties of drawing tools so that they draw at the proper Z location. An example of floor clipping is shown in Floor clipping , where Figure 54 shows all floors and Figure 55 shows a single floor.
This will display the Manage Floors dialog shown in Figure To add a new floor, click the Add Floor. This will show the New Floor dialog shown in Figure In this dialog, if the user enters a new slab thickness , the elevation will be automatically updated so the new floor does not overlap the others unless the user enters a specific value for the elevation.
In addition, unless the user enters a specific name, a name will be automatically generated based on the elevation. Press OK again in the Manage Floors dialog to commit the changes. By default, the model contains one floor at elevation 0. Using these values leaves a distance of 3.
Once the floors have been defined, the user can filter the display to show either a single floor or all floors as shown in Figure 7. For most views, the Z clipping range for a particular floor is from the floor elevation minus slab thickness to floor elevation plus wall height.
The Z clipping range works differently for the top camera of the 2D view, however. In this view, the clipping is from the elevation of the floor BELOW to the elevation plus wall height of the current floor. This allows the geometry on the floor below to be snapped to in drawing geometry for the current floor.
For this to be useful, however, the user may want to use wireframe rendering. Each floor can have an associated background image. To add a background image to a floor, go to the 2D or 3D View, select a specific floor, then click the Configure Background Image button.
Alternately click the Define Floor Locations button, , and then in the Background Image column, select the Edit button. This will display the Configure Background Image dialog shown in Figure Now, in the 3D or 2D views, when the user displays a specific floor, the background image for that floor will be displayed. To turn off the background images, go to the 2D or 3D View, and click the Show Background Images button next to the floors drop-down.
While not a full-fledged drafting application, PyroSim does provide useful drawing features, including the following:. PyroSim provides several drawing and editing tools. These tools are located on the drawing toolbar at the left side of the 3D and 2D Views as shown in Figure Some of these tools allow a user to create and edit objects such as slabs and walls that are not constrained to the FDS mesh.
In these cases, PyroSim will automatically convert the shapes to mesh-based blocks when the FDS input file is created. For information on block conversion, see Section To begin drawing or editing with a tool, the user can single-click the tool from the tool bar.
The button will show a green dot when pinned. Every time the same tool button is clicked, the pinned state of that tool will be toggled, so clicking the button again after pinning will disable pinning. This will also cancel pinning and will revert back to the last-used navigation tool. Each tool has a set of properties that can be modified by clicking the Tool Properties button located at the bottom of the toolbar after selecting the desired tool.
Options such as elevation, height, surface, and color can all be edited in the Tool Properties dialog. In addition to the tool properties, each tool also has additional quick actions.
To show these actions, start the desired tool and then right-click in the 2D or 3D View. This opens a context menu with the quick actions. Figure 60 shows an example of the quick action menu for the wall tool. This menu allows the user to perform actions specific to the tool, such as closing a polygon, picking a surface, setting wall alignment, accessing the tool properties, etc.
Snapping is one way to precisely draw and edit objects. It is the process of finding some element in the scene, such as a vertex or edge close to the cursor, and snapping the cursor to that element like a magnet. In PyroSim, snapping can be performed against the solution meshes, objects in the model, and orthographic constraints. The 2D View additionally provides a sketch grid and polar angle constraints. If a snap point is found, an indicator dot shown in Figure 61 will appear at the snap point.
By default, snapping is enabled. If there are any solution meshes in the model see Chapter 5 , PyroSim can snap to them during drawing and editing.
For each mesh that is visible, PyroSim can snap to its boundary edges, boundary faces, grid lines, and the intersections of the grid lines, depending on which mesh display filters are active as discussed in Section 2. PyroSim also provides a user-defined drawing grid, or sketch grid, in the 2D View as shown in Figure When a new model is created, the sketch grid is visible and can be snapped to in the 2D view.
The default spacing for the divisions is 1 m, but can be changed by going to the View menu and clicking Set Sketch Grid Spacing. Once the user has created a solution mesh, PyroSim will automatically switch to solution mesh snapping and disable sketch grid snapping.
In the 2D View , PyroSim will only snap to the sketch grid or visible solution meshes. To disable grid snapping altogether, on the View menu choose Disable Grid Snapping. There are three basic categories of geometry that can be snapped to on objects: faces , edges , and vertices. Objects can have any combination of types. If there are multiple types close to the cursor, PyroSim will give vertices precedence over edges and edges precedence over faces.
Constraints are dynamic snapping lines that are only visible when the cursor is near them. They appear as infinite dotted lines as shown in Figure If a constraint is currently being snapped to, that constraint can be locked by holding SHIFT on the keyboard. While holding SHIFT , a second dotted line will extend from the cursor to the locked constraint the first dotted line.
This is useful for lining up objects along a constraint with other objects. For instance, in Figure 64 , a box already exists in the model. A second slab is being drawn such that the third point of the slab lines up with the right side of the first box. This was done as follows:. This window shows the value used to determine the next point or value for the current tool.
In this figure the value is the Distance from the previous point along the vector from the previous point to the current cursor location. For other tools, this value may be angle or relative offset, etc. The value is editable if the status bar at the bottom of the 3D or 2D View indicates it is. If the user starts typing, the popup window will be replaced with an editing window as shown in Figure If the user presses ESC instead, the keyboard entry will be cancelled.
Pressing TAB cycles through alternate input methods to determine the next value. For instance, pressing TAB with the wall tool allows the user to enter a relative offset from the last point instead of a distance. Pressing TAB a second time allows the user to enter an absolute position for the next point, and pressing TAB a third time will cycle back to the distance input. Precise keyboard entry may be easiest for some users when using the multi-click mode of drawing rather than using the click-drag mode.
Using multi-click allows both hands to be used to type as opposed to click-drag, which requires one hand to remain on the mouse. There are some key differences between drawing in the 2D and 3D Views. The 2D View is useful when drawing should be restricted to one pre-defined plane. It is also useful for lining up objects along the X, Y, or Z axes. The 3D View is useful when an object such as a vent or solid-phase device needs to be snapped to the face of an obstruction or vent or if the user would like to build objects by stacking them on top of one another.
When drawing in the 2D View , the drawing will always take place in the drawing plane specified in the tool properties, and snapping is only performed in the local X and Y dimensions.
The local Z value will remain true to the drawing plane. In addition, if a tool has some sort of height or depth property, the tool will also remain true to that value. While snapping was used to partially align the objects, they both remain in the Z planes specified in their tool properties shown in the rotated view Figure The 3D View uses snapping in all three dimensions, causing tool properties to be interpreted more loosely.
The drawing plane and depth properties for a drawn object are context-sensitive in the 3D View. When using tools such as the slab tool, the first clicked point determines the drawing plane. If, on this first click, another object is snapped to, the drawing plane is set at the Z location of that snap point. This 3D snapping feature of the 3D View is useful for drawing vents on obstructions and attaching solid-phase devices to obstructions as shown in Figure The 3D snapping feature is also useful for stacking objects, as shown in Figure In this figure, the drawing plane was never changed.
All the objects were stacked on top of each other using snapping. While stacking can be useful for obstructions, a user must be more careful when drawing holes in the 3D View. For instance, with the slab hole tool and block hole tool , the user will need to change the extrusion direction to properly direct the hole into the obstruction.
For instance, if the user draws a slab obstruction in the 3D View and then draws a slab hole while snapping to the obstruction, the hole will be stacked on top of the obstruction without cutting a hole as shown in Figure This will result in a proper hole as shown in Figure This is not a problem in the 2D View since it always uses the drawing plane set in the tool properties instead of stacking the objects.
Once the drawing plane for a tool has been established by the first click, the tool can still determine the next points by snapping to objects in another plane. In this case, the snapped points will be projected to the drawing plane for the current tool. A dotted line will show how the snapped point was projected to the plane. There are four tools that can draw obstructions, for more information on obstructions, see Section 8. Slab Obstruction Tool: Used to draw the slab for a floor. Wall Obstruction Tool : Used to draw a wall.
Block Obstruction Tool: Used to fill grid cells with obstructions. Room Tool: Used to draw a rectangular room. For all the obstruction tools, the tool properties dialog will appear similar to that in Figure The only section of the dialog that will change between these tools is the geometry, such as Z Location and Thickness. All other properties, including name, surface, color, and obstruction flags appear in all obstruction dialogs.
These parameters control the properties that will be applied to the next drawn obstruction. The surface and color of the next obstruction can also be set via the right-click menu for the tool. A slab is an extruded polygonal object as shown in Figure 75 that can be used to draw the slab for a floor in a building. The slab obstruction tool adds two additional properties to the tool dialog for obstructions:.
The wall obstruction tool can be used to draw multi-segmented walls as shown in Figure In this figure, there is only one wall. The user specifies a path along the floor from which the wall is extruded up. The wall can be aligned to the left, right, or center of the drawn path. The alignment of the wall can be controlled through the right-click menu for the tool or can be cycled by pressing the CTRL key on the keyboard.
If the first clicked point is clicked again after drawing at least two segments or Close is chosen from the right-click menu, the tool will draw one last segment from the last clicked point to the first point and finish. Alternately, the wall can be ended at the last clicked point by choosing Finish from the right-click menu. The Block Obstruction Tool can be used to quickly fill grid cells with blocks as shown in Figure 80 or place a block with a single click.
In addition, the extrusion direction for the block can be toggled by pressing CTRL on the keyboard or through the right-click menu for the tool. The Room Tool can be used to draw a rectangular room using one closed wall as shown in Figure The room tool contains the same properties as the wall obstruction tool.
There are three tools that can draw holes, for more information on holes, see Section 8. Slab Hole Tool: Used to draw a hole in a floor slab. Wall Hole Tool : Used to draw an opening in a wall, such as for a doorway or window. Block Hole Tool: Used to fill grid cells with holes. All these tools work the same as their obstruction counterparts, but they do not have the properties specific to obstructions, such as the surface or obstruction flags.
There is only one tool for drawing vents for more information on vents, see Section 8. PyroSim only allows vents in an X, Y, or Z plane. Vents cannot currently be drawn off-axis like walls can.
Vents also must be attached to solid obstructions at least one grid cell thick. This is easily accomplished by drawing the vent in the 3D View see Section 9. Solution meshes can be easily split into two or more sub-meshes by using the Mesh Splitter Tool. PyroSim allows point devices to be drawn with the Device Tool , for more information on devices, Chapter This makes it trivial to attach a solid-phase device to an obstruction. This makes it easy to draw devices at a specific height above the floor.
Lock Z to [V] is the automatic behavior for gas-phase devices and Lock Z to Snap Location is the automatic behavior for solid-phase devices. Planar slices, as discussed in Section The slice plane can be changed through the right-click menu, by click-dragging the left mouse button, or by pressing CTRL on the keyboard to cycle through the options. HVAC nodes as discussed in Section Init Regions Section Particle Clouds Section Pressure Zones with the with the Zone Tool. These tools draw axis-aligned boxes, and so they behave similarly.
They all have the following drawing properties:. Handles appear on an object either as a blue dot as shown in Figure 90 or a face with a different color. The dots indicate a point that can be moved in either two or three dimensions. A discolored face indicates that a face can be moved or extruded along a line.
PyroSim provides a variety of tools to transform geometry objects. With the transform tools, users can move, rotate, and mirror objects. Each tool has an alternate mode to copy the source objects with the transform. When using copy mode, the selected objects are copied and the copies are transformed.
This tool allows the user to move selected objects to a new location as shown in Figure This tool allows the user to rotate selected objects as shown in Rotating an object with the Rotate Tool. The selected objects will be rotated by the angle between the reference and angle vectors. The mirror tool allows objects to be mirrored across a plane as shown in Mirroring an object using the Mirror Tool below. The right-click menu also allows quick selection of a surface in the model or recently-used color.
PyroSim provides a Measure Tool to measure distances in the model. This chapter provides guidance on using the geometry tools available in PyroSim to create several geometric shapes that often appear in building models. The ability to sketch in different planes, copy, replicate, drag, scale, and rotate objects can greatly simplify the tasks of geometry creation.
In all of the following examples, we will use a background image as a pattern to draw against. While this is not required, it makes creating curved surfaces much easier and one of the strengths of PyroSim is that it allows you to sketch geometry directly on top of building design images. The background image we will be using is shown in Figure For simplicity, we will assume that horizontal distance across the entire image is 50 feet, and we will place the origin of the model at the lower-left corner of the room shown in the image.
The Configure Background Image dialog shown in Figure illustrates these settings. This is the fastest way to create smooth curves in PyroSim.
PyroSim will convert the curved walls to blocks before running the FDS simulation. While smaller segments will make the wall look better in PyroSim, placement of obstructions generated for FDS depends on the resolution of your mesh. A curved wall drawn with three different segment lengths created with this technique are shown below.
Another customer found that the size of the DST was increasing more than reasonable and was able to manually compress and remove erroneous data. Eventually found out that changing the "include in publish" status was what caused the bloat.
Purchase details. So for some reason, it looks like changing the "include in publish" status at least in this particular SS is causing the bloat. SSMPropEditor works for 30 days in trial mode with full functionality. If you purchased on or after April 25, the upgrade is free of charge.
Current version is Purchase is also available through this site. Sign in with the same account used when purchasing.
Both bit and bit. Contact us if there's a need for support for older Windows versions. Windows 8. The software runs stand-alone and does not require AutoCAD or other CAD software to be installed unless renaming of actual layout name should be done.
Compatible with GstarCAD and newer. DraftSight and newer. Use this link to purchase. If you have really many users that you want to give access to this software we can discuss a discounted price based on your particular situation.
Educational discounts available. The license is perpetual. Support and upgrades is included for a minimum of 2 years after purchase. If you have more than one computer and you are the only user of the application one license is enough. The network license system is available at no extra cost and normally most useful for companies with quite many licenses. The network license is priced the same but you basically need a license per user anyway as the license will be locked to that user for 4 weeks after last usage.
Reason is that this app is not such that you keep it running for an extended time. But the network license helps when you have many licenses as each computer does not need to be activated through us.
There is volume discount available with purchase of multiple licenses. If your company is tax exempt note that BlueSnap does not currently offer a way to prevent tax from being charged on orders.
We need a copy of the tax exempt certificate to refund the tax if already paid. When your purchase is completed you will get an email with the DST Converter download. The license is perpetual as a minimum for the version available when purchased and support is included. If you too have a need for any of these wishes please contact us so we know how big the need for it is and can prioritize accordingly.
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